56. Notre Dame et son Enfant_
c1979 (10x7)


193. The Flight to Egypt
c1999 (16x20)

   Isma�l led a full and rich life. An agonomist as well as an artist, he was also a political activist. He spent seven years in prison for opposing the Duvaliers, Papa and Baby Doc. Even so, thanks to the popularity of his art, he died a relatively wealthy man by the standards of his homeland: his estate included a Volkswagen.
   Like many Haitian artists, Isma�l found a 'formula' that worked and stayed with it throughout his career. His formula derived from the art of the Eastern Roman (or Byzantine) Empire. It was obviously a true interest � an inspiration � and not just a gimmick (as with Casimir's formula). Though most of his works reflected a Byzantine�like appearance, he did not merely repeat himself. And while many of his scenes are Christian tableaux, they usually include a bit of vodou. (A v�v�, a drawing used in vodou ceremonies to invoke a lwa � a god or spirit � appears in the upper right of 'Notre Dame.')
   The artist spent most of his creative life in Deschapelles as director of an art center associated with an American medical and religious mission. He trained scores of students and exerted a poweful influence on artists working in the 'Artibonite style,' two features of which are elaborately decorated clothing and backgrounds.
   Isma�l has been exhibited worldwide and appears in most surveys of Haitian art published since the 1970s.

76. Cap�Ha�tien Scene
c1981 (36x48)

   Edouard is a fine na�f about whom I know little more than that he began painting in 1972 as a student of Sully Obin, a son of S�n�que Obin.
   This was long the biggest painting in my collection, a distinction that now belongs to Jacques-Enguerrand Gourgue's Garden of Eden. Cap�Ha�tien Scene is also one of the more than 100 I checked from Ha�ti as 'excess baggage' on my flights back from that country � in gallery� or jerry�built cartons � and it is the only one that was ever damaged. The work was squished horizontally into about half its width. A San Francisco artist 'restored' it, though the work still shows evidence of its trauma.

42. Wedding Procession
c1979 (24x30)

   Eug�ne Jean is among the best of the many painters who studied with Philom� Obin. He works carefully and slowly; his lines are precise and fine; and his use of color is exquisite.